益生菌Lactobacillus casei Zhang对凝固型发酵乳质构和挥发性风味物质的影响

【目的】评价益生菌Lactobacillus casei Zhang（L. casei Zhang）货架期内活菌数的变化及其对发酵乳物理特性和挥发性风味物质的影响。【方法】将2株 Streptococcus thermophilus（S. thermophilus）分别与益生菌L. casei Zhang复配发酵,发酵结束（pH 4.5）于4℃冷藏28 d,并对发酵乳各指标进行测定。【结果】4℃贮藏28 d时,发酵乳中益生菌L. casei Zhang活菌数没有显著性变化（P＜0.05）,且数量保持在108CFU/g以上;益生菌L. casei Zhang与S. thermophilus复配发酵有利于提高3-羟基-2-丁酮和己酸等挥发性风味物质的含量,同时短期贮藏过程中（1—7 d）可赋予产品较高的黏度、硬度、脆度、胶性和耐嚼性,随着贮藏时间的延长其对产品物理特性的影响随发酵用S. thermophilus菌株的不同而呈现不同的变化。【结论】4℃贮藏28 d过程中,益生菌L. casei Zhang具有非常好的稳定性,同时其与S. thermophilus复配发酵可赋予产品较好的质构和风味。     

一株仔猪肠道益生菌抗TGEV作用初探

为了分离并筛选出1株抗传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)的益生菌菌株,研究采用形态观察、生化反应和16S rRNA鉴定等试验,并运用TCID50和MTT比色方法,在PK-15细胞水平上分别检测益生菌活菌、灭活菌体、菌体碎片及培养上清液在不同作用时间上对TGEV感染力和抑制率的影响。结果表明:从健康仔猪肠道内容物分离、鉴定出1株益生菌,属于德氏乳杆菌德氏亚种(暂命名为L1菌株),此菌株的活菌、灭活菌体、菌体碎片及培养上清液均有降低TGEV感染力和活性的作用,其中活菌降低TGEV感染力及对TGEV的抑制效果最明显,灭活菌体和培养上清液次之,菌体碎片最差。     

饲用益生素在畜禽健康养殖中的应用

益生素是一种新型无毒、绿色的微生物类饲料添加剂,具有调节动物机体微生态平衡、预防疾病、提高饲料转化率、促进动物健康和保护生态环境等多方面功能.因其在使用过程中无毒副作用、无药物残留、不产生耐药性,而成为抗生素的理想替代品,广泛应用于畜禽生产中.文章综述了饲用益生素的起源、种类及作用机理,探讨了益生素在畜禽健康养殖中的应用前景及发展趋势.     

Pathogen translocation and histopathological lesions in an experimental model of Salmonella Dublin infection in calves receiving lactic acid bacteria and lactose supplements

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the capacity of a lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculum to protect calves with or without lactose supplements against Salmonella Dublin infection by evaluating histopathological lesions and pathogen translocation. Fifteen calves were divided into three groups [control group (C-G), a group inoculated with LAB (LAB-G), and a group inoculated with LAB and given lactose supplements (L-LAB-G)] with five, six, and four animals, respectively. The inoculum, composed of Lactobacillus (L.) casei DSPV 318T, L. salivarius DSPV 315T, and Pediococcus acidilactici DSPV 006T, was administered with milk replacer. The LAB-G and L-LAB-G received a daily dose of 10⁹ CFU/kg body weight of each strain throughout the experiment. Lactose was provided to the L-LAB-G in doses of 100 g/day. Salmonella Dublin (2 × 10¹⁰ CFU) was orally administered to all animals on day 11 of the experiment. The microscopic lesion index values in target organs were 83%, 70%, and 64.3% (p < 0.05) for the C-G, LAB-G, and L-LAB-G, respectively. Administration of the probiotic inoculum was not fully effective against infection caused by Salmonella. Although probiotic treatment was unable to delay the arrival of pathogen to target organs, it was evident that the inoculum altered the response of animals against pathogen infection.     

微胶囊技术在益生菌保护中的应用研究

通过微胶囊技术对益生菌进行保护,可以在一定范围内延长益生菌制剂的保存期,并尽量减少其通过胃肠道时的损失。介绍了不同益生菌的微胶囊化制备方法及微胶囊技术在益生菌保护中的应用,探讨了微胶囊技术中存在的问题,并对微胶囊技术的应用前景进行了展望。     

饲粮添加益生菌与酶制剂对黄羽肉鸡生长性能的影响及相关机理

为研究益生菌与酶制剂对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、养分代谢率和肠黏膜形态的影响,试验选择5日龄体重相近的健康雌性黄羽肉鸡675羽,随机分成5个处理,每个处理5个重复,每个重复27羽,空白Ⅰ组饲喂基础饲粮,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加25 g/t益生菌制剂、150 g/t复合酶制剂、25 g/t益生菌制剂+150 g/t复合酶制剂、300 g/t抗敌素的试验饲粮。饲养试验至53日龄结束。结果表明:饲粮中组合添加益生菌与酶制剂获得了最高的全期平均日增重,且与空白Ⅰ组及抗生素Ⅴ组相比分别提高了4.22%(P<0.05)和2.12%(P>0.05);真代谢能以组合添加Ⅳ组最高,且与空白Ⅰ组及抗生素Ⅴ组相比分别提高了11.29%(P<0.01)和6.89%(P<0.05),酶制剂Ⅲ组粗纤维真代谢率极显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅴ组(P<0.01),显著高于组合添加Ⅳ组(P<0.05);抗生素、益生菌与酶制剂及两者组合使用都不同程度地促进了十二指肠、空肠和回肠绒毛形态结构的发育。总体上说,益生菌与酶制剂联合使用表现出了一定优势,且具有替代某些抗生素饲料添加剂使用的潜能。     

Histopathological changes in giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man 1879) fed with probiotic Bacillus licheniformis upon challenge with Vibrio alginolyticus

The effect of dietary supplementation of probiotic bacterium Bacillus licheniformis on the histopathological changes in Macrobrachium rosenbergii juveniles (4.0 ± 0.02 g) challenged with known pathogenic strain of Vibrio alginolyticus are reported. Two isocaloric basal diets supplemented with probiotic bacteria B. licheniformis (1.0 × 10⁹ cfu/g feed) and other without probiotic supplementation were fed to the M. rosenbergii juveniles for 45 days. The histological observations revealed no significant changes in the hepatopancreas and gut tissues of both the experimental and the control groups which indicate that the present bacterium is a safe candidate probiont for the host. Prawns were challenged with V. alginolyticus after 45 days of feeding with probiotic diet. The histopathological studies of the hepatopancreas revealed that M. rosenbergii fed with probiotic‐supplemented diet showed less changes as compared to the prawns fed with control diet on second and fourth day of post‐experimental challenge with V. alginolyticus. Histopathological observations revealed that the gills of the prawns fed with control diet were severely affected in comparison to the prawns fed with probiotic‐supplemented diet after challenging with V. alginolyticus. Results from this study revealed the improved protection by dietary incorporation of B. licheniformis in reducing the histopathological manifestations due to V. alginolyticus infection in freshwater prawn.     

Effect of dietary synbiotic on growth performance,body composition,digestive enzyme activity and gut microbiota in Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham.) fingerlings

A feeding trial of 60 days was conducted to delineate the effect of dietary synbiotic on maximum growth, body composition, digestive enzyme activity and subsequently gut microbiota in Cirrhinus mrigala fingerlings. One hundred and eighty acclimatized fingerlings of mrigal with initial body weight ranging from 2.87 ± 0.01 g to 3.26 ± 0.05 g were randomly distributed in three replicates of each of four experimental groups including control (without probiotic and prebiotic), T₁ (high probiotic + low prebiotic), T₂ (low probiotic + high prebiotic) and T₃ (high probiotic + high prebiotic), using completely randomized design (CRD). Results showed that growth performance parameters, such as specific growth rate (SGR), per cent weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER), were reported to be higher in the T₂ group followed by the T₃ group. Maximum gut microbiota activity was found in the T₃ group which was significantly different from other treatment groups. Similarly, body composition and digestive enzyme activity varied significantly (p < .05) among the treatment groups. The study showed the possibility of improved nutrient utilization in terms of growth performance and digestive enzyme activity in the group following dietary synbiotic supplementation.     

Effect of quorum quenching bacteria on growth,virulence factors and biofilm formation of Yersinia ruckeri in vitro and an in vivo evaluation of their probiotic effect in rainbow trout

Five N‐acyl homoserine lactone‐degrading bacteria (quorum quenching (QQ) strains) were selected to evaluate their impacts on growth, virulence factors and biofilm formation in Yersinia ruckeri in vitro. No difference was observed among the growth pattern of Y. ruckeri in monoculture and coculture with the QQ strains. To investigate the regulation of virulence factors by quorum sensing in Y. ruckeri, cultures were supplemented with 3oxo‐C8‐HSL. The results indicated that swimming motility and biofilm formation are positively regulated by QS (p < 0.05), whereas caseinase, phospholipase and haemolysin productions are not influenced by 3oxo‐C8‐HSL (p > 0.05). The QQs were able to decrease swimming motility and biofilm formation in Y. ruckeri. QQ bacteria were supplemented to trout feed at 10⁸ CFU/g (for 40 days). Their probiotic effect was verified by Y. ruckeri challenge either by immersion or injection in trout. All strains could significantly increase fish survival with Bacillus thuringiensis and Citrobacter gillenii showing the highest and lowest relative percentage survival (RPS) values (respectively, 85% and 38%). Besides, there was no difference between the RPS values by either immersion or injection challenge expect for B. thuringiensis. The putative involvement of the QQ capacity in the protection against Yersinia is discussed.     

传统发酵酸凝硬质奶酪中乳酸菌的分离鉴定及其体外益生特性

【目的】 研究传统发酵酸凝硬质奶酪中乳酸菌的分离鉴定及其体外益生特性,得到产酸性能较高的菌株,测试体外益生特性,筛选出优良益生菌。【方法】 采用传统分离纯化方法,以新疆伊犁地区昭苏县农家自制自然发酵酸凝硬质奶酪为原材料,运用稀释涂布、平板划线以及复筛纯化的方法,从自然发酵奶酪中分离得36株菌株,观察其菌落与菌株形态特征并检测生理生化,选取符合条件的菌株运用16S rDNA同源序列分析方法鉴定其分子生物学。【结果】 鉴定6株为乳酸菌,5株是瑞士乳杆菌(Lactobacillus helveticus),另外1株为植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)。这些菌株的耐胆盐、耐酸、耐模拟胃液以及表面特性得知植物乳杆菌E₁₁在这些方面的性能最佳。【结论】 该菌株在浓度为0.5%的胆盐培养基中存活率达到46.42%,pH 2的条件下存活率仍然保持在20%以上,静置5 h后其自凝集率达到63.6%,对二甲苯的疏水率为44.26%。